These contributors improved the economic well-being of individuals and groups of individuals. Their contributions had and continue to have an impact on the economy of the United States, and the convenience, education, health, safety, security, and welfare of its citizens. They made contributions during the period of slavery, segregation, sharecropping and the modern era. This book shows that African Americans made many contributions to the sciences, medicine, education, and inventions as slaves, as freed persons, and as immigrants. Many important contributions have been omitted, especially those of recent years, because a limit had to be set. The selections were strictly the author's. The author conducted no interviews, and no suggestions were accepted solely on the basis of hearsay. All individuals included here were listed in the published literature. These individuals have contributed in large and small ways that might have been overlooked when chronicling the history of science. Described here are African American men and women who have contributed to the advancement of science, including inventions. Scientists included in this book represent the fields of biochemistry, biology, chemistry, computer science, dentistry, engineering, entomology, genetics, geology, mathematics, medicine, nursing, physics, psychology, sociology, zoology, and inventions. Scientists included in this book represent the fields of biochemistry, biology, chemistry, computer science, dentistry, engineering, entomology, genetics, geology, mathematics, medicine, nursing, physics, psychology, sociology, zoology, and. This definitive volume will certainly be of interest to scholars and policymakers'. They draw insight from robust statistical analyses and contextualized analyses grounded in personal narratives of African American engineers and instructors at a diverse set of research institutions with evidenced-based approaches to their success in graduating African American engineers. In this book, twenty-four eminent scholars address this shortfall from a wide variety of disciplinary angles. 'The underrepresentation of African Americans in STEM fields in general, and in engineering in particular, according to John Slaughter 'is at best benign neglect, and at worst active discrimination.' In one of the first broad-based studies of the African American experience in engineering, Slaughter and his coeditors set out to describe the problem and propose workable solutions in the form of education and public policy initiatives.

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